Abstract: Arguments pro and contra convergent realism – underdetermination of theory by observational evidence and pessimistic meta-induction from past falsity – are considered. It is argued that, to meet the counter-arguments challenge, convergent realism should be considerably changed with a help of modification of the propositions from this meta-programme “hard core” or “protecting belt”. Two well-known convergent realism rivals – “entity realism” of Nancy Cartwright and Ian Hacking and John Worrall’s “structural realism” – are considered. Entity realism’s main drawback is fundamental laws underestimation. As for structural realism, its limitation of theoretical propositions by pure structural ones is ineffective. One always can transform propositions about objects into propositions about structures and vice versa. Both conceptions are kinds of “metaphysical revisionism” that tries to reformulate the good old convergent realism propositions using more decent language and applying ad hoc modifications of the solutions first obtained within the anti-realist epistemological meta-programmes. It is stated that to overcome the troubles of convergent realism one has to turn from classical or “metaphysical” realism to nonclassical or “internal” one and to coherent theory of truth. Internal realism has no troubles in solving the problem of empirically-equivalent theoretical descriptions and historical meta-induction problem, but gets the problem of scientific knowledge objectivity instead. Where does this objectivity come from? One of the answers is proposed by the scientific knowledge growth model elaborated by Rinat Nugayev and (independently) by Peter Galison. Each paradigm is a local viewpoint determined by the peculiarities of a culture into which its creator (Aristotle, Ptolemy, Newton, Maxwell, Lorentz, Einstein). was submerged. However, the meeting of the different paradigms leads to their interaction; as a result, the crossbred theoretical objects are constructed. Through these systems the infiltration of one paradigm on the other’s domain takes place. After the old paradigms’ grinding the new ones emerge that reconcile to each other much better than the old ones. Scientific theories reconcile results in elimination of many contingent details. In the process of competition more universal components survive. It is demonstrated that the process of objective knowledge genesis takes place in modern superstring theory too. The list of its drawbacks is rather long; it is clear that the theory cannot pretend on the role of the Theory of Everything. Nevertheless the process of argumentation pro and contra convergent realism – underdetermination of theory by observational evidence and pessimistic meta-induction from past falsity – are considered. It is argued that, to meet the counter-arguments challenge, convergent realism should be considerably changed with a help of modification of the propositions from this meta-programme “hard core” or “protecting belt”. It is stated that to overcome the troubles of convergent realism one has to turn from classical or “metaphysic” of quantum field theory and general relativity interpenetration have already begun.
Keywords: convergent realism, entity realism, structural realism, internal realism, coherence theory of truth
Bibliography: 1. Alcoff L. M. The Case for Coherence // The Nature of Truth. Classic and Contemporary Perspectives / Ed. by M. P. Lynch. – Cambridge, Mass., 2001. 2. Blanshar B. Coherence as the Nature of Truth // The Nature of Truth. Classic and Contemporary Perspectives / Ed. by M. P. Lynch. – Cambridge, Mass., 2001. 3. Bohr N. Zs. Physik. Vol. 13. – 1923. 4. Cartwright N. How the Laws of Physics Lie. – N. Y., 1983. 5. Coherence theory // The Cambridge Dictionary of Philosophy. – Cambridge, 1999. 6. Dawid R. Scientific Realism in the Age of String Theory // Physics and Philosophy. – 2007. – Vol. 11. 7. De Witt B. S. Quantum-Field Theory in Curved Spacetimes // Physics Reports. – 1975. 8. Foucault M. Truth and Power // The Nature of Truth. Classic and Contemporary Perspectives / Ed. by M. P. Lynch. – Cambridge, Mass., 2001. 9. Frigg R., Votsis I. Everything You Always Wanted to Know About Structural Realism but Were Afraid to Ask // European Journal for Philosophy of Science. – 2011. – Vol. 1. 10. Galison P. How Experiments End. – Chicago, 1987. 11. Green B. The Elegant Universe. Superstrings, Hidden Dimensions and the Quest for Ultimate Theory. – N. Y., 2000. 12. Hacking I. Representing and Intervening. – N. Y., 1985. 13. Hacking I. The Disunities of Science // The Disunity of Science / Ed. by P. Galison, D. J. Stump. – Stanford, 1996. 14. Hawking S. W. Particle Creation by Black Holes // Communications in Mathematical Physics. – 1975. – Vol. 43. 15. Kuhn T. Newton's Optical Papers // Isaac Newton's Papers and Letters on Natural Philosophy / Ed. by I. B. Cohen. – Cambridge, Mass., 1958. 16. Kuhn T. Objectivity, Value Judgement and Theory Choice // Kuhn T. The Essential Tension. – Chicago, L., 1977. 17. Kuhn T. The Function of Dogma in Scientific Research // Scientific Change / Ed. by A. C. Crombie. – N. Y., 1963. 18. Laudan L. A Confutation of Convergent Realism // The Philosophy of Science / Ed. by D. Papineau. – Oxford, 1996. 19. Nugayev R. M. Reconstruction of Mature Theory Change: A Theory-Change Model. – Frankfurt-am-M., 1999. 20. Papineau D. Introduction // The Philosophy of Science / Ed. by D. Papineau. – Oxford, 1996. 21. Pierce C. S. How to Make Our Ideas Clear // The Nature of Truth. Classic and Contemporary Perspectives / Ed. by M. P. Lynch. – Cambridge, Mass., 2001. 22. Putnam H. Reason, Truth, and History. – N. Y., 1998. 23. Putnam H. Two Philosophical Perspectives // The Nature of Truth. Classic and Contemporary Perspectives / Ed. by M. P. Lynch. – Cambridge, Mass., 2001. 24. Quine W. V. Two Dogmas of Empiricism // Contemporary Analytic and Linguistic Philosophies / Ed. by E. D. Klemke. – N. Y., 2000. 25. Rorty R. Is Truth a Goal of Inquiry? Donald Davidson vs. Crispin Wright. // The Nature of Truth. Classic and Contemporary Perspectives / Ed. by M. P. Lynch. – Cambridge, Mass., 2001. 26. The Disunity of Science / Ed. by P. Galison, D. J. Stump. – Stanford, 1996. 27. Van Fraassen B. The Scientific Image. – Oxford, 1980. 28. Van Fraassen B. To Save the Phenomena // The Philosophy of Science / Ed. by D. Papineau. – Oxford, 1996. 29. Walker R. C. S. The Coherence Theory // The Nature of Truth. Classic and Contemporary Perspectives / Ed. by M. P. Lynch. – Cambridge, Mass., 2001. 30. Worrall J. Fresnel, Poisson and the White Spot: the Role of Successful Predictions in the Acceptance of Scientific Theories. // The Uses of Experiment / Ed. by D. C. Gooding, T. Pinch, S. Schaffer. – N. Y., 1989. 31. Worrall J. Structural Realism: the Best of Both Worlds? // The Philosophy of Science / Ed. by D. Papineau. – Oxford, 1996. 32. Галисон П. Зона обмена: координация убеждений и действий // Вопросы истории естествознания и техники. – 2004. – № 1. 33. Зельдович Я. Б., Новиков И. Д. Релятивистская астрофизика. – М., 1984. 34. Каку М. Параллельные миры. – М., 2008. 35. Мамардашвили М. К. Классический и неклассический идеалы рациональности. – М., 2010. 36. Мах Э. Механика: Историко-критический очерк ее развития. – М., 2012. 37. Нугаев Р. М. Реконструкция процесса смены фундаментальных научных теория. – Казань, 1989. 38. Пуанкаре А. Наука и гипотеза. – М., 1984. 39. Степин В. С. Теоретическое знание. – М., 2001. 40. Фейерабенд П. Наука в свободном обществе. – М., 2010. 41. Хайдеггер М. Время картины мира // Хайдеггер М. Время и бытие. – Спб., 2007.
Realism in Metaphysics: On What Exists Otherwise
(in Russian)
Tatiana Levina Abstract: The paper is devoted to discussion of the concepts of existence in the tradition of analytic philosophy, that criticize Quine's conception, presented in his "On What There Is". The conceptions of possible worlds, universals, non-existent objects and fundamental basis (hierarchical structure), from within the phenomenology and continental philosophy.
Keywords: analytic philosophy, existence, fundamental basis, hierarchy, nonexistent objects, phenomenology, possible worlds, universals
Bibliography:
1.Armstrong D. Universals: An Opinionated Introduction. – Boulder, 1989. 2.Armstrong D. M. Universals and Scientific Realism. I. – Cambridge, 1978. 3. Balaguer M. Platonism in Metaphysics // Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. URL: http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/platonism/. 4. Empty Names, Fiction and the Puzzles of Non-Existence / Ed. by Hofweber T., Everett A.– Stanford, 2000. 5. From Professor Barry Smith and others // The Times (London). Saturday, May 9, 1992. URL: http://courses.nus.edu.sg/course/elljwp/againstdsdegree.htm. 6. Hale B. Abstract Objects. – Oxford, 1987. 7. Hale B., Wright C. The Reason's Proper Study: Essays towards a Neo-Fregean Philosophy of Mathematics. – Oxford, 2001. 8. Hofweber T. Ambitious, Yet Modest, Metaphysics // Metametaphysics: New Essays on the Foundations of Ontology / Ed. by David Chalmers et al. – Oxford, 2009. 9. Lewis D. On the Plurality of Worlds. – Oxford, 1986. 10. Manley D. Introduction: A Guided Tour of Metametaphysics // Metametaphysics: New Essays on the Foundations of Ontology / Ed. by David Chalmers et al. – Oxford, 2009. 11. McDaniel K. Ways of Being // Metametaphysics: New Essays on the Foundations of Ontology / Ed. by David Chalmers et al. – Oxford, 2009. 12. Menzel C. Actualism // Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. URL: http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/actualism/. 13. Parsons T. Nonexistent Objects. – New Haven, 1980. 14. Plantinga A. The Nature of Necessity. – Oxford, 1974. 15. Shaffer J. On What Grounds What // Metametaphysics: New Essays on the Foundations of Ontology / Ed. by David Chalmers et al. – Oxford, 2009. 16. Stoljar D. The Deflationary Theory of Truth // Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. URL: http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/truth-deflationary/. 17. Zalta E. Abstract Objects: An Introduction to Axiomatic Metaphysics. – Dordrecht, 1983. 18. Витгенштейн Л. Философские исследования // Витгенштейн Л. Философские работы. Часть I. – М., 1994. 19. Горбатова Ю. В. Плантинга о возможных мирах и всемогуществе // Возможные миры. 20. Крючкова С. Е. Проблема возможных миров в философии Лейбница // Возможные миры. Семантика, онтология, метафизика / Отв. ред. Драгалина-Черная Е. Г. – М., 2011. 21. Куайн У. В. О. С точки зрения логики. 9 логико-философских очерков. – М., 2010. 22. Лейбниц Г. В. Опыты теодицеи о благости Божией... // Лейбниц Г. В. Сочинения в 4-х тт. Т. 4. – М., 1989. 23. Патнэм Х. Реализм с человеческим лицом // Аналитическая философия: становление и развитие. Антология / Общ. ред. и сост. А. Ф.Грязнова. – М., 1998. 24. Платон. Государство // Платон. Собр. соч. в 4 т. Т 3. – М., 1994. 25. Рассел Б. Проблемы философии // Рассел Б. Избранные труды. – Новосибирск, 2007. 26. Фреге Г. Логика и логическая семантика. – М., 2000. 27. Хайдеггер М. Основные проблемы феноменологии. – СПб., 2001.
What Can We Do? A Philosophical Analysis of Individual Self-determination Fabio Macioce Abstract: The principle of self-determination, as commonly intended, is based on a formal and individualistic view of liberty rights. This perspective, however, is inconsistent with the needs of a community, and particularly with the necessity to promote a relatively stable social order, and an integration between subjects. I propose a different perspective that takes into account the relationships rather than the individual. In particular, I will try to demonstrate 1) that any community implement a specific social order, that is a complex of practices; 2) that any social practices express specific values, 3) that these values are the result of historical and cultural circumstances, 4) that they are subject to an ongoing public debate, and finally 5) that only if the individual praxis is consistent with these values can it lead to recognition of rights. In that perspective does not exist a general liberty to determine itself, outside of a specific relational situation. It could only be affirmed that one has a practical liberty (not a right) to do and to act as it wants, but its rights depends on relationships in which the person is engaged.
Keywords: individualism, libertarianism, subjective rights, social order, dialogue
Bibliography:
1. Apel K.-O. Plurality of the Good? The Problem of Affirmative Tolerance in a Multicultural Society from an Ethical Point of View // Ratio Juris. – 1997. – Vol. 10, Issue 2. 2. Apel K.-O. The Response of the Discourse Ethics. – Leuven, 2001. 3. Coing H. Zur Geshichte des Begriffs 'Subjektives Recht' // Coing H., Lawson F. H., Gronfors K. (Hrsg.) Das subjektive Recht und der Rechtsschutz der Persönlichkeit. – Frankfurt-am-M., Berlin,, 1959. 4. Communicative Action: Essays on Jurgen Habermas's Theory of Communicative Action / Ed. by Honneth A., Joas H. – Cambridge, Oxford, 1991. 5. De Lagarde G. Alle origini dello spirito laico. – Brescia, 1964-1968. – Vol. II. 6. Donahue Jr. C. Jus in the subjective sense in Roman Law. Reflections on Villey and Tiernay // Maffei D. (a cura di) A Ennio Cortese. – Roma, 2001. 7. Dworkin R. Taking rights seriously. – London, 1977. 8. Fassò G. La legge della ragione. – Milano, 1999. 9. Grossi P. L'ordine giuridico medievale. – Bari, 2007. 10. Habermas J. Law and Morality, Tanner’s Lectures. – I, § 3. – URL: www.tannerlectures.utah.edu/lectures/habermas88.pdf. 11. Habermas J. Theorie des kommunikativen Handelns. – Frankfurt-am-M., 1981. 12. Machiavelli N. Discorsi sopra la prima Deca di Tito Livio. – Torino, 1993. 13. MacIntyre A. After virtue. A study in moral theory. – N. Y., 2007. 14. Mill J.S. On Liberty // Mill J.S. Collected Works. – London, 1969. 15. Narrative Psychology: The Storied Nature of Human Conduct / Ed. by Sarbin Th. R. – N. Y., 1986. 16. Narrative time // On Narrative / Ed. by Mitchell W. J. T. – Chicago, 1981. 17. Pastoral Constitution on the Church in the modern world Gaudium et Spes. 18. Pugliese G. 'Res corporales' 'res incorporales' e il problema del diritto soggettivo. – Aa. Vv. Studi in onore di V. Arangio Ruiz. – Napoli, 1953. – Vol. III.Rationalité, communication, modernité: agir communicationnel et philosophie politique chez Habermas / Ed. by Mellos K. – Ottawa, 1991. 19. Ricoeur P. The human experience of time and narrative // Research in Phenomenology. – 1979. – Vol. 9, No. 25. 20. Seel M. The Two Meanings of “Communicative” rationalty: Remarks on Habermas’s Critique of a Plural Concept of Reason // Communicative Action: Essays on Jurgen Habermas's Theory of Communicative Action / Ed. by Honneth A., Joas H. – Cambridge, Oxford, 1991. 21. Taylor Ch. Sources of the Self. – Cambridge, 1989. 22. The quality of Life / Ed. by Sen A., Nussbaum M. – Oxford, 1993 and 2004. 23. Tiernay B. The idea of natural rights. Studies on Natural Rights, Natural Law, and Church Law, 1150-1625. – Atlanta, 1997. 24. Veca S. Dell'incertezza. Tre meditazioni filosofiche. – Milano, 1997. 25. Villey M. La formation de la pensée juridique moderne. – Paris, 2006. 26. Villey M. La genèse du droit subjectif chez Guillaume d'Occam // Archives de Philosophie du droit. – 1964. – IX. 27. Von Hayek C. F. Law, Legislation and Liberty: A New Statement of the Liberal Principles of Justice and Political Economy. – London, 1973. 28. Von Savigny F. C. System Des Heutigen Römischen Rechts. – Aalen, 1981. – Volume 1. 29. Zagrebelsky G. Il diritto mite. – Torino, 1992.
Review of F. Wendt's «Libertäre politische Philosophie» (in Russian)
Igor Gasparov Abstract: Review of Wendt. F. Libertäre politische Philosophie. – Paderborn: Mentis, 2009. Keywords: -
Bibliography: 1. Wendt F. Libertäre politische Philosophie. – Paderborn: Mentis, 2009.
Review of R. Audi's «Practical Reasoning and Ethical Decision»
(in Russian)
Andrei Zavaliy Abstract: Review of Audi R. Practical Reasoning and Ethical Decision. – London, N. Y.: Taylor and Francis Routledge, 2006.
Keywords: -
Bibliography: 1. Audi R. Practical Reasoning and Ethical Decision. – London, N. Y., 2006. 2. Кант И. Основоположения метафизики нравов // Кант И. Собр. соч. в 8-ми тт. Т. 4. – М., 1994. 3. Юм Д. Собр. соч. в 2-х тт. Т. 1. – М., 1966.
Practical Reasoning and Moral Judgment
(in Russian)
Robert Audi (trans. by A. Zavaliy) Abstract: Russian translation of the Chpater 9 (with shortenings) of Audi R. Practical Reasoning and Ethical Decision. – London, N. Y., 2006. Translated by Andrei Zavaliy with kind permission of the author.
Keywords: -
Bibliography: -
From Truth to Semantics: A Path through «Making It Explicit»
(in Russian)
Robert Brandom (trans. by I. Byshevskaya and R. Sukhorukova) Abstract: Russian translation of Brandom R. From Truth to Semantics: A Path through «Making It Explicit» // Philosophical Issues. – 1997. – Vol. 8. Translated by Inna Byshevskaya and Renata Sukhorukova.
Keywords: -
Bibliography: -
Transtalor's Remarks
(in Russian)
Maxim Lebedev Abstract: -
Keywords: -
Bibliography: - 1. Bochenski I. M. Contemporary European Philosophy. – Berkeley – Los Angeles, 1956. 2. Czarnik T. Przyczyna - przyczynowość // ed. by Nowak A. J., Sosnowsk L. Słownik pojęć filozoficznych Romana Ingardena. – Kraków, 2001. 3. Neurath O. Anti-Spengler // Gesammelte philosophische und methodologische Schriften. – Wien, 1981.
Causality and Underdetermination (From the Third Volume of «Spór o istnienie świata»)
(in Russian)
Roman Ingarden (trans. by M. Lebedev and Y. Kubka) Abstract: Russian translation of the XVIII and XIX sections (with shortenings) of the third volume of Ingarden R. Spór o istnienie Świata (Controversy over the Existence of the World). Translated by Maxim Lebedev and Yanina Kubka from Polish, the translation is compared with German translation by Alexander Nesterow.
Keywords: -
Bibliography: -
Past, Present, Hope(Interview with Maxim Lebedev)
(in Russian)
Lev Lamberov Abstract: -
Keywords: -
Bibliography: -
→2010, №4 Problem of «Chinese Room»
in the Context of Functionalism Discussing
(in Russian)
Dmitry Kazennov Abstract: This article furmulates three theses regarding John Searle’s thought experiment called “Chinese room”. The aim of this article is to demonstrate the internal logical contradictions of said thought experiment. The first point concerns the ability of the "Chinese room" to perform specific tasks Turing’s "imitation game" requires, such as value-judgments about the subject. The second thesis concerns question of term "understanding" being used by Searle. Argued that this term is an abstract function (of a brain), Searle’s using of the said term is a case of functionalism, therefore Kalke’s critics of Putnam’s functionalism applies. The third thesis of this article identifies illocutive assertions as expression assertions, intentional states as emotional states, which allows suggesting that recreating of intentionality is a recreating of reflexes.
Keywords: artificial intelligence, Chinese room, Turing’s test, intentionality
Bibliography: 1. Mah Je. Poznanie i zabluzhdenie. Ocherki po psihologii issledovanija. – M., 2003. 2. Patnjem H. Mental'naja zhizn' nekotoryh mashin // Patnjem H. Filosofija soznanija. – M., 1999. 3. Serl D. Soznanie, mozg i programmy // Analiticheskaja filosofija: stanovlenie i razvitie. – M., 1998. 4. Uotson Dzh. Povedenie kak predmet psihologii (biheviorizm i neobiheviorizm) // Gal'perin P. Ja., Zhdan A. N. (red.) Hrestomatija po istorii psihologii. – M., 1980. 5. Ayer A. Language, Truth and Logic. – L.: Gollancz, 1946. 6. Kalke W. What is wrong with Fodor and Putnam’s Functionalism // Nous, 3, 1, 1969. 7. Minsky M. L. Steps toward artificial intelligence // Proceedings of the Institute of Radio Engineers, 49, 1961. 8. Preston J. and Bishop M. (eds.) Views into the Chinese Room: New Essays on Searle and Artificial Intelligence. – N. Y., 2002. 9. Putnam H. Robots: Machines or Artificially Created Life? // The Journal of Philosophy, 61, 21, 1964. 10. Searle J. What Is an Intentional State? // Mind, 88, 349, 1979. 11. Stevenson S. The Emotive Meaning of Ethical Terms // Mind, 46, 181, 1937. 12. Turing A. Computing Machinery and Intelligence. // Mind, 59, 236, 1950.
Alvin Plantinga's Modal Argument: formalization problem and the concept of existence
(in Russian)
Julia Gorbatova Abstract: This article deals with a modal version of the ontological argument, proposed by the American philosopher Alvin Plantinga in the 70's of last century. This approach to the formulation of the modal argument has been very productive and still causes concern, both among ordinary believers, and among philosophers and theologians. In the article special attention is paid to the following questions: (1) formalization of the modal argument, (2) the consequences of such a formalization, (3) criticism of Kant and the modal version of the ontological argument.
Keywords: modal/ontological argument, Alvin Plantinga, Kant, the existence of God
Bibliography: 1. Dragalina E. G. Dedukcija k suwestvovaniju. Puteshestvuja po vozmozhnym i nevozmozhnym miram // Vozmozhnye miry. Semantika, ontologija, metafizika. – M., 2011 (v pechati). 2. Kant I. Kritika chistogo razuma. – M.: Mysl', 1994. 3. Kane R. The Modal Ontological Argument // Mind, 93, 371, 1984. 4. Plantinga A. God and Other Minds. – Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1967. 5. Plantinga A. God, Freedom, and Evil. – Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1974. 6. Planting A. Kant's Objection to the Ontological Argument // The Journal of Philosophy, 63, 19, 1966. 7. Plantinga A. The Nature of Necessity. – Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1974.
On Myths and Problems around Definition of «Analytic Philosophy»
(in Russian)
Lev Lamberov Abstract:
Keywords:
Bibliography: 1. Al'breht Je. Kritika sovremennoj lingvisticheskoj filosofii. – M.: Progress, 1977. 2. Analiticheskaja filosofija / Pod red. M. V. Lebedeva, A. Z. Chernjaka. – M.: IPK RUDN, 2006. 3. Birjukov B. V. Gottlob Frege: sovremennyj vzgljad // Frege G. Logika i logicheskaja semantika: Sbornik trudov / Per. s nem. B. V. Birjukova pod red. Z. A. Kuzichevoj. – M.: Aspekt Press, 2000. 4. Vrigt G. H. fon. Logika i filosofija v XX veke // Voprosy filosofii, 8, 1992. 5. Kraft V. Venskij kruzhok. Vozniknovenie neopozitivizma. – M.: Ideja-Press, 2003. 6. Makarenko V. P. Analiticheskaja politicheskaja filosofija. – M.: Praksis, 2002. 7. Makarenko V. P. Politicheskaja konceptologija: obzor povestki dnja. – M.: Praksis, 2005. 8. Ot redakcii // Logos, 2, 2009. 9. Proshloe, nastojawee, nadezhda (interv'ju s Polom Horvichem) // Analytica, 2, 2008. 10. Beaney M. Conceptions of Analysis in Analytic Philosophy // Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. – URL: http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/sum2009/entries/analysis/s6.html. 11. Dummett M. Origins of Analytical Philosophy. – Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1996. 12. Føllesdal D. Analytic Philosophy: What Is It and Why Should One Engage in It? // Ratio, 9, 1996. 13. Gettier E. Is Justified True Belief Knowledge? // Analysis, 23, 1963. 14. Nagel E. Impressions and Appraisals of Analytic Philosophy in Europe. I // The Journal of Philosophy, 33, 1, 1936. 15. Nagel E. Impressions and Appraisals of Analytic Philosophy in Europe. II // The Journal of Philosophy, 33, 2, 1936. 16. Quine W. V. O. Two Dogmas of Empiricism // Quine W. V. O. From a Logical Point of View. – Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1980.
Some Question of the Metaphysics of Time
(in Russian)
Igor Gasparov Abstract: In the paper I offer a brief overview of main problems in the contemporary metaphysics of time: debates on tensed and detensed theories of time and presentism-eternalism debate. I systematically expose the solutions from the point of view that the truth is grounded in reality and consider the main arguments for each position.
Keywords: metaphysics of time, tensed and detensed theories of time, presentism, eternalism
Bibliography: 1. McTaggart, J. M. E. The Unreality of Time // Mind, 19, 1908. 2. Smart J. J. C. The River of Time // Mind, 58, 1949. 3. Zimmerman D. W. The A-Theory of Time, The B-Theory of Time, and ‘Taking Tense Seriously’ // Dialectica, 59, 4, 2005.
Preface
(in Russian)
Yuri Balashov Abstract: -
Keywords: -
Bibliography: 1. Balashov Y. Persistence and Spacetime. – Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010. 2. Johnston M. Is There a Problem about Persistence? // Supplement to the Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society (Supplement), 61, 1987. 3. McTaggart J. M. E. The Unreality of Time // Mind, 19, 1908. 4. Mellor D. H. Real Time II. – L., N. Y.: Routledge, 1998. 5. Parfit D. Personal Identity // The Philosophical Review, 80, 1971. 6. van Inwagen P. Four-Dimensional Objects // Nous, 24, 1990.
Times of Our Lives: Negotiating the Presence of Experience
(in Russian)
Yuri Balashov (trans. by I. Gasparov) Abstract: -
Keywords: -
Bibliography: -
Review of Y. Balashov's «Persistence and Spacetime»
(in Russian)
Igor Gasparov Abstract: Review of Balashov Y. Persistence and Spacetime. – Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010.
Keywords: -
Bibliography: 1. Balashov Y. Persistence and Spacetime. – Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010. 2. Smart J. J. C. Essays Metaphysical and Moral: Selected Philosophical Papers. – Oxford: Blackwell, 1987.
Scientific Conceptions of Language and Their Philosophical Import
(in Russian)
Paul Horwich (trans. by E. Mejshutkova) Abstract: Russian translation of Horwich P. Scientific Conceptions of Language and Their Philosophical Import // Philosophical Issues, 3, 1993. Translated by Ekaterina Mejshutkova with kind permission of the author.
Keywords: -
Bibliography: -
Disquotation and Cause in the Theory of Reference
(in Russian)
Paul Horwich (trans. by A. Gorbunova, N. Kravtsov, A. Proskurjakova) Abstract: Russian translation of Horwich P. Disquotation and Cause in the Theory of Reference // Philosophical Issues, 6, 1995. Translated by Alena Gorbunova, Nikita Kravtsov, Alexandra Proskurjakova with kind permission of the author.
Keywords: -
Bibliography: -
Imagination, Stipulation and Vagueness
(in Russian)
Timothy Williamson (trans. by A. Veruk, N. Zubkova) Abstract: Russian translation of Williamson T. Imagination, Stipulation and Vagueness // Philosophical Issues, 8, 1997. Translated by Alisa Veruk, Nina Zubkova with kind permission of the author.
Keywords: -
Bibliography: -
Past, Present, Hope
(Interview with Timothy Williamson)
(in Russian)
Lev Lamberov Abstract:
Keywords: -
Bibliography: -
→2009, №3
Editors' Note (in Russian) Abstract: Issue introduction.
Keywords: -
Bibliography: -
Editors’ Note
Abstract: Issue introduction.
Keywords: -
Bibliography: -
Is It Possible to Define Truth?
(in Russian)
Ilia Tarasov Abstract: Article analyzes possibilities by definition of concept of true. The author consider a number of classical definitions («true as correspondence to reality», «true as utility», «true as coherence») and deflationist's objections against such possibility. The author concludes that the gradual development of deflationism leads to negation of essence of this concept. Since the essence of any concept is identified by the definition, the negation of the essence of truth leads to the denial of the possibility of its definition, and this in turn leads to the negation of the criterion of truth, because the correct definition should be formulated as a criterion establishes conditions for the interchangeability of terms.
Keywords: truth, deflationism, essence of truth, criterion of truth, correspondence theory of truth
Bibliography: 1. Brokmejster J., Harre R. Narrativ: problemy i obewanija odnoj al'ternativnoj paradigmy // Voprosy filosofii, №11, 2000. 2. Volenskij Ja. Determinizm i logika // Voprosy filosofii, №5, 2003. 3. Volen'skij Ja. L'vovsko-Varshavskaja filosofskaja shkola. – M.: ROSSPJeN, 2004. 4. Dammit M. Istina // Analiticheskaja filosofija: stanovlenie i razvitie. – M.: Progress-Tradicija, 1998. 5. Djevidson D. Metod istiny v metafizike // Analiticheskaja filosofija: stanovlenie i razvitie. – M.: Progress-Tradicija, 1998. 6. Kotarbin'skij T. Izbrannye proizvedenija. – M.: Izd-vo inostrannoj literatury, 1963. 7. Kuajn U. Filosofija logiki. – M.: Kanon, 2008. 8. Lukasevich Ja. Aristotelevskaja sillogistika s tochki zrenija sovremennoj formal'noj logiki. – M.: Gos. izd-vo inostrannoj literatury, 1959. 9. Ostin Dzh. Istina // Analiticheskaja filosofija: stanovlenie i razvitie. – M.: Progress-Tradicija, 1998. 10. Pirs Ch. Voprosy pragmatizma // Pirs Ch. Nachala pragmatizma. – SPb.: Aletejja, 2000. 11. Popper K.R. Ob#ektivnoe znanie. Jevoljucionnyj podhod. M., Jeditorial URSS, 2002. 12. Rorti R. Filosofija i zerkalo prirody. – Novosibirsk: Izd-vo Novosibirskogo Universiteta, 1997. 13. Stroson P. F. Znachenie i istina // Analiticheskaja filosofija: stanovlenie i razvitie. – M.: Progress-Tradicija, 1998. 14. Tarskij A. Istina i dokazatel'stvo // Voprosy filosofii, №8, 1972. 15. Tarskij A. Semanticheskaja koncepcija istiny i osnovanija semantiki // Analiticheskaja filosofija: stanovlenie i razvitie. – M.: Progress-Tradicija, 1998. 16. Frege G. Logika v matematike // Frege G. Izbrannye raboty. – M.: DIK, 1997. 17. Frege G. Mysl'. Logicheskoe issledovanie // Frege G. Logika i logicheskaja semantika. – M.: Aspekt-Press, 2000. 18. Frege G. O smysle i znachenii // Logika i logicheskaja semantika. – M.: Aspekt-Press, 2000. 19. Frege G. Razmyshlenija o smysle i znachenii // Logika i logicheskaja semantika – M.: Aspekt-Press, 2000. 20. Ayer A. J. Language, Truth and Logic. – London: Penguin Group, 1971. 21. Davidson D. On the Very Idea of a Conceptual Scheme // Davidson D. Inquiries into Truth and Interpretation. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 2001. 22. Davidson D. The Folly of Trying to Define Truth // The Journal of Philosophy, Vol. 93, No. 6, 1996. 23. Devitt M. The Metaphysics of Truth // The Nature of Truth: Classic and Contemporary Perspectives (ed. by Lynch M.). – Cambridge: MIT Press, 2001. 24. Dodd J. There Is No Norm of Truth // Analysis, Vol. 59, No. 4, 1999. 25. Field H. Disquotational Truth and Factually Defective Discourse // Philosophical Review, Vol. 103, No. 3, 1994. 26. Grover D. Camp J. Belnap N. A Prosentential Theory of Truth // Philosophical Studies, Vol. 27, No. 2, 1975. 27. Gupta A. Minimalism // Philosophical Perspectives, Vol. 7, 1993. 28. Halbach V. How not to State T-sentences // Analysis, Vol. 66, No. 4, 2006. 29. Horwich P. Deflationary Truth and the Problem of Aboutness // Philosophical Issues, Vol. 8, 1997. 30. Horwich P. Realism and Truth // Nous, Vol. 30, 1996. 31. Horwich P. The Value of Truth // Nous, Vol. 40, No.2, 2006. 32. Ketland J. Deflationism and Taski’s Paradise // Mind, Vol. 108, No. 429, 1999. 33. Pap A. Theory of Definition // Philosophy of Science, Vol. 31, No. 1, 1964. 34. Ramsey F. Facts and Propositions // Ramsey F. The Foundations of Mathematics. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Ltd, 1931.
Phenomenal Consciousness
(in Russian)
Dmitry Ivanov Abstract: The paper deals with the analysis of Block's notion of two kinds of consciousness: phenomenal consciousness and access consciousness. Following Block, it is argued that insufficient attention has been paid to phenomenal aspects of our mental life in contemporary philosophy of mind. And it is exactly due to these aspects the task of explanation of consciousness turns out to be the hard problem. But Block's approach to phenomenal consciousness has a number of disadvantages. First of all it allows epiphenomenalism. To avoid negative consequences of epiphenomenalism Dennett's suggestion to consider the problem of phenomenal consciousness as the matter of "richness of content" and "degree of influence" is adopted in the paper. In accordance with his ideas it is proposed to consider phenomenal consciousness as informational processes that achieve certain level of complexity and integrity.
Keywords: epiphenomenalism, functionalism, phenomenal consciousness, access consciousness
Bibliography: 1. Lurija A.R. Poterjannyj i vozvrawennyj mir: istorija odnogo ranenija. – M.: Izdatel'stvo Moskovskogo universiteta, 1971. 2. Sjorl Dzh. Otkryvaja soznanie zanovo. – M.: Ideja-Press, 2002. 3. Block N. On a Confusion About a Function of Consciousness // The Nature of Consciousness. – Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1997. 4. Burge T. Two Kinds of Consciousness // The Nature of Consciousness. – Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1997. 5. Chalmers D. Availability: The Cognitive Basis of Experience? // The Nature of Consciousness. – Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1997. 6. Church J. Fallacies or Analyses? // The Nature of Consciousness. – Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1997. 7. Dennett D. The Path Not Taken // The Nature of Consciousness. – Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1997. 8. Flanagan O. Conscious Inessentialism and the Epiphenomenal Suspicion // The Nature of Consciousness. – Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1997. 9. Güzeldere G. The Many Faces of Consciousness: A Field Guide // The Nature of Consciousness. – Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press, 1997. 10. Schacter D.L., McAndrews M.P., Moscovitch M. Access to Consciousness: Dissociations between Implicit and Explicit Knowledge in Neurological Syndromes // Thought without Language. – Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1988.
The Reconstruction of the First K. Goedel's Incompleteness Theorem
(in Russian)
Vitaly Filippovski Abstract: The aim of this paper is to reconstruct the proof of Gödel’s First incompleteness theorem. In result of the paper such proof has been constructed by methods of symbolic logic.
Keywords: Gödel’s First incompleteness theorem, proof, reconstruction
Bibliography: 1. Gödel K. On formally undecidable propositions of Principia Mathematica and related systems I. // Frege and Gödel: Two Fundamental Texts in Mathematical Logic. Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1970. 2. Gödel K. Über formal unentscheidbare Sätze der Principipa Mathematica und oaverwandter System I. // Monatshefte für Mathematik und Physik, 38. 1931. 3. Guidi Fr. La proposizione di Gödel, California, 2007. 4. Suber P. Gödel’s proof. URL: http://www.earlham.edu/∼peters/courses/logsys/g–proof.htm.
A Decidability Theorem
Vitaly Filippovski Abstract: The aim of this paper is to present the proof of the decidability theorem that says that for every ω-consistent recursive class r of formulas, for all recursive class signs r υ Gen r belongs to Flg(k) whereas Neg(υ Gen r) does not belong to Flg(k) (where υ is the free variable of r).
Keywords: decidability theorem, proof
Bibliography: 1. Gödel K. On formally undecidable propositions of Principia Mathematica and related systems I // van Heijenoort J. (ed.) Frege and Gödel: Two fundamental texts in mathematical logic. – Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1970.
What Externalist Can Know 'A Priori'?
(in Russian)
Paul Boghossian (trans. by V. Eremeeva) Abstract: Russian translation of Boghossian P. What Externalism Can Know “A Priori”? // Philosophical Issues, 9, 1998. Translated by Vers Eremeeva with kind permission of the author.
Keywords: -
Bibliography: -
McGinn's Logicisms
(in Russian)
James Higginbotham (trans. by K. Goncharenko) Abstract: Russian translation of Higginbotham J. McGinn's Logicisms // Philosophical Issues, 4, 1993. Translated by Kristina Goncharenko with kind permission of the author.
Keywords: -
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→2008, №2
Editors' Note (in Russian) Abstract: Issue introduction.
Keywords: -
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Editors’ Note Abstract: Issue introduction.
Keywords: -
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On the Nature of Necessity: Later Wittgenstein
Priyambada Sarkar Abstract:
Keywords:
Bibliography: 1. Diamond C. Wittgenstein’s Lectures on the Foundations of Mathematics. – Sussex: Harvester Press, 1976. 2. Dummett M. Wittgenstein on Necessity // Dummett M. The Seas of Language. – N. Y.: Oxford University Press, 1996. 3. Dummett M. Wittgenstein’s Philosophy of Mathematics // The Philosophical Review, Vol. 68, 1959. 4. Ernest P. Social Constructivism as a Philosophy of Mathematics: Radical Constructivism Rehabilitated // Forthcoming. 5. Hardy G. H. A Mathematician’s Apology. – Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1967. 6. Wittgenstein L. On Certainty. – Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1967. 7. Wittgenstein L. Philosophical Investigations. – Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1953. 8. Wittgenstein L. Remarks on the Foundations of Mathematics. – Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1967. 9. Wittgenstein L. The Blue and Brown Books. – Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1958.
Russell, Wittgenstein, and the project for «Analytic Philosophy»
(in Russian)
Nikolay Milkov (trans. by A. Sobantsev) Abstract: Russian translation of Milkov N. Russell, Wittgenstein, and the Project for ‘Analytic Philosophy’ // H. Hrachovec, A. Pichler (eds.) Philosophy of the Information Society, Contributions of the Austrian Ludwig Wittgenstein Society, Vol. 15, 2007. Translated by Alexander Sobantsev with kind permission of the author.
Keywords: -
Bibliography: -
Past, Present, Hope (Interview with Paul Horwich)
(in Russian)
Lev Lamberov Abstract:
Keywords: -
Bibliography: -
What Is It Like to Be a Deflationary Theory of Meaning?
(in Russian)
Paul Horwich (trans. by L. Lamberov) Abstract: Russian translation of Horwich P. What Is It Like to Be a Deflationary Theory of Meaning? // Philosophical Issues, 5, 1994. Translated by Lev Lamberov with kind permission of the author.
Keywords: -
Bibliography: -
Deflationary Truth and the Problem of Aboutness
(in Russian)
Paul Horwich (trans. by L. Lamberov) Abstract: Russian translation of Horwich P. Deflationary Truth and the Problem of Aboutness // Philosophical Issues, 8, 1997. Translated by Lev Lamberov with kind permission of the author.
Keywords: -
Bibliography: -
→2007, №1
Editors' Note (in Russian) Abstract: Issue introduction.
Keywords: -
Bibliography: -
Editors’ Note Abstract: Issue introduction.
Keywords: -
Bibliography: -
Parfit, Nihilism and Personal Identity
(in Russian)
Igor Gasparov Abstract: In the paper I offer some criticisms on Parfitian account of personal identity. Firstly, I show that his view amounts to a position, wich I call 'nihilism', the view, that persons do not exist. Secondly, I argue that his account of personal identity is not consistent with the classical view of identity that Parfit seems to accept.
Keywords: methaphysics, personal identity, nihilism, Parfit
Bibliography: 1. Jum D. Traktat o chelovecheskoj prirode. – M.: «Kanon», 1995. 2. Armstrong D. Universals and Scientific Realism. Vol. 1 – Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1978. 3. Braddon-Mitchell D., Miller K. How To Be a Conventional Person // The Monist, Vol. 87, Issue 4, 2004. 4. Cover J. A., O’Leary-Hawthorne J. A World of Universals // Phliosophical Studies, Vol. 91, 1998. 5. Cover J. A., O’Leary-Hawthorne J. Substance and Individuation in Leibniz. – Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999. 6. Greenfield S. Soul, Brain and Mind // M. Crabbe (ed.). From Soul to Self. – London, N. Y.: Routledge, 1999. 7. Hoffman J., Rosenkrantz G. S. Substance: Its Nature and Existence. – London: Routledge, 1997. 8. Johnston M. Human Concerns without Superlative Selves // J. Dancy (ed.). Reading Parfit. – Oxford: Blackwell Publishers, 1997. 9. Lewis D. Convention: A Philosophical Study. – Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1969. 10. Lewis D. Survival and Identity // Lewis D. Philosophical Papers, Vol. 1. – Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1983. 11. Maddy P. Is the Importance of Identity Derivative? // Philosophical Studies, Vol. 35, 1979. 12. Merricks T. Realism About Personal Identity Over Time // Philosophical Perspectives, Vol. 15, 2001. 13. Olson E. T. The Human Animal: Personal Without Psychology. – Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997. 14. Parfit D. Lewis, Perry and What Matters // A. Rorty (ed.). – Berkely, Los Angeles, London: University of California Press, 1976. 15. Parfit D. Personal Identity // The Philosophical Review, Vol. 80, Issue 1, 1971, pp. 3-27; 16. Parfit D. Reasons and Persons. – Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1984. 17. Robinson D. Failing to Agree or Failing to Disagree?: Personal Identity Quasi-Relativism // The Monist, Vol. 87, Issue 4, 2004. 18. Rosenkrantz G. Haecceity. An ontological Essay. – Dordrecht, Boston, London: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1993. 19. Shoemaker S. Parfit on Identity // J. Dancy (ed.). Reading Parfit. – Oxford: Blackwell Publishers, 1997. 20. Sider T. Criteria of Personal Identity and the Limits of Conceptual Analysis // Philosophical Perspectives, Vol. 15, 2001. 21. Sider T. Four-Dimensionalism. An Ontology of Persistence and Time. – Oxford: Clarendon Press, 2001. 22. Thomson J. J. People and Their Bodies // J. Dancy (ed.). Reading Parfit. – Oxford: Blackwell Publishers, 1997. 23. Unger R. I Do Not Exist // M. Rea. Material Constitution: A Reader. – Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 1997. 24. Unger P. The Survival of the Sentient // Philosophical Perspectives. Action and Freedom. Vol. 14, 2000. 25. Van Inwagen P. Material Beings. – Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1990. 26. Wiggins D. Sameness and Substance Renewed. – Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001. 27. Zimmerman D. Immanent Causation // Philosophical Perspectives. Mind, Causation, and World. Vol. 11, 1997. 28. Zimmerman D. Theories of Masses and Problem of Constitution // Philosophical Review, Vol. 104, Issue 1, 1995.
The Concept 'Sign' in the Context of Cognition, Communication and Aesthetical Experience
(in Russian)
Alexander Nesterov Abstract: The paper considers possibility of usage of the concept “sign” for description of the process of cognition, as well as difficulties arising when modeling communicative processes, processes of cognition being taken into account. Applicability of the suggested construction for the analysis of non-object communication is demonstrated by the example of the so-called “aesthetic sign”.
Keywords: sign, sense, meaning, cognition, communication, reason
Bibliography: 1. Ajmermaher K. Znak. Tekst. Kul'tura. – M.: Dom intellektual'noj knigi, 1998. 2. Analiticheskaja filosofija. / Sost. Lebedev M. V., Chernjak A. Z. – M.: Izd-vo RUDN, 2006. 3. Gartman N. K osnovopolozheniju ontologii. – SPb.: Nauka, 2003. 4. Gudmen N. Sposoby sozdanija mirov. – M.: Ideja-Press, Logos, Praksis, 2001. 5. Dil'tej V. Voobrazhenie pojeta. Jelementy pojetiki // Dil'tej V. Sobranie sochinenij v 6 tomah. T. 4. – M.: Dom intellektual'noj knigi, 2001. 6. Kassirer Je. Filosofija simvolicheskih form. T. 1. Jazyk. – M., SPb.: Universitetskaja kniga, 2001. 7. Kuznecov V. G. Germenevtika i gumanitarnoe poznanie. – M.: Izd-vo MGU, 1991. 8. Lebedev M. V. Filosofija jazyka na fone razvitija filosofii // Osobennosti filosofskogo diskursa. M., 1998. 9. Semiotika: Antologija. / Sost. Stepanov Ju. S. – M.: Akademicheskij proekt, Ekaterinburg: Delovaja kniga, 2001. 10. Tynjanov Ju. N. Literaturnyj fakt. – M.: Vysshaja shkola, 1993. 11. Frege G. Logika i logicheskaja semantika. – M.: Aspekt Press, 2000. 12. Shklovskij V. B. O teorii prozy. – M.: Sovetskij pisatel', 1983. 13. Baumgarten A. Aesthetica // Baumgarten A. Texte zur Grundlegung der Ästhetik. – Hamburg: Felix Meiner, 1983. 14. Blume T., Demmerling C. Grundprobleme der analytischen Sprachphilosophie: von Frege zu Dummett. – Padeborn, München, Wien, Zürich: Schöningh, 1998. 15. Hegel G. W. F. Ästhetik I/II. – Stuttgart: Reclam, 2000. 16. Ingarden R. Vom Erkennen des literarischen Kunstwerkes. – Tübingen: Max Nimeyer, 1964. 17. Iser W. Der Akt des Lesens: Theorie ästhetischer Wirkung. – München: Wilhelm Fink, 1994. 18. Nöth W. Handbuch der Semiotik. – Stuttgart, Weimar: J. B. Metzler, 2000. 19. Prechtl P. (Hrsg.) Grundbegriffe der analytischen Philosophie. – Stuttgart, Weimar: J. B. Metzler, 2004. 20. Tarski A. Die semantische Konzeption der Wahrheit und die Grundlagen der Semantik // Skirbekk G. (Hrsg.) Wahrheitstheorien. – F. a. M.: Suhrkamp, 1977. 21. Wittgenstein L. Tractatus logico-philosophicus / Wittgenstein L. Werkausgabe in 8 Banden, Bd.1 Tractatus logico-philosophicus. – F. a. M.: Suhrkamp, 1999.
What are Propositions?
(in Russian)
Lev Lamberov Abstract: In the article the discussion about how we should translate the term ‘proposition’ is continued. It is proposed a well-grounded analysis of Frege’s semantic theory and comparsion it with Russell’s conceptions supposing that such a comparison may shed light on this discussion. Besides, to clarify the concept of proposition the author places high emphasis on the “propositions’ problems” which embraces questions that arise whilst discussing this concept.
Keywords: propositions, translation problem, Frege, Russell
Bibliography: 1. Kuajn U. V. O. Slovo i ob#ekt. – M.: Logos, Praksis, 2000. 2. Kuslij P. Termin «proposition» v stat'e B. Rassela «On Denoting» // Logos, №2, 2005. 3. Lednikov E. E. B. Rassel. Filosofija logicheskogo atomizma // Voprosy filosofii, №7, 2000. 4. Lednikov E. E. O stile vedenija polemiki g-nom Surovcevym V. A. // Logos, №2, 2003. 5. Frege G. Mysl'. Logicheskoe issledovanie // Frege G. Logika i logicheskaja semantika. – M.: Aspekt Press, 2000. 6. Frege G. Logika // Frege G. Logika i logicheskaja semantika. – M.: Aspekt Press, 2000. 7. Frege G. Kratkij obzor moih logicheskih koncepcij // Frege G. Logika i logicheskaja semantika. – M.: Aspekt Press, 2000. 8. Cherch A. Vvedenie v matematicheskuju logiku. Tom I. – Moskva: Izdatel'stvo inostrannoj literatury, 1960. 9. Barker S. J. Renewing Meaning: A Speech-Act Theoretic Approach. – Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004. 10. Church A. Introduction to Mathematical Logic. Volume I. – Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1956. 11. Church A. The Need for Abstract Entities // American Academy of Arts and Sciences Proceedings, 80, 1951. 12. Dummett M. Origins of Analytical Philosophy. – Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1996. 13. Horwich P. Truth. – Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998. 14. Ricketts T. Truth and Propositional Unity in Early Russell // J. Floyd, S. Sheih (eds.). Future Pasts: The Analytic Tradition in Twentieth Century Philosophy. – Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001. 15. Russell B. The Problems of Philosophy. – Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1971. 16. Shroeder T. Propositional Attitudes // Philosophy Compass, Vol. 1, Issue 1, 2006. 17. Wettstein H. The Magic Prism: An Essay in Philosophy of Language. – Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004. 18. Young J. O. Global Anti-Realism. – Aldershot: Avebury, 1995.19. Young J. O. A Defence of the Coherence Theory of Truth // Journal of Philosophical Research, Vol. XXVI, 2001.
Some Reflections about Alain Badiou’s Approach to Platonism in Mathematics
Miriam Franchella Abstract: A reproach has been done many times to post-modernism: its picking up mathematical notions or results, mostly by misrepresenting their real content, in order to strike the readers and obtaining their assent only by impressing them (i.e. through the authority of mathematics itself). In this paper I intend to point out that although Alain Badiou’s approach to philosophy starts with taking distance both from analytic philosophy and from French post-modernism, the categories that he uses for labelling logicism, formalism and intuitionism do not reflect the real content of the foundational schools. Hence, a re-thinking from him would be required about them, otherwise he would risk the same reproaches as post-modernists.
Keywords:
Bibliography: 1. Badiou A. Court traité d’ontologie transitoire. – Paris: Éditions du Seuil, 1998. 2. Badiou A. Infinite thoughts. – London: Continuum, 2003. 3. Badiou A. L’être et l’événement. – Paris: Éditions du Seuil, 1988. 4. Badiou A. Platon et/ou Aristote-Leibniz. Théorie des ensembles et théorie des topos sous l’œil du philosophie in Panza M. // J.-M. Salanskis (ed.). L’objectivité mathématique. – Paris: Masson, 1995. 5. Badiou A. Theoretical writings. – London: Continuum, 2004. 6. Beaney M. (ed.). The Frege Reader. – Oxford: Blackwell, 1997. 7. Brouwer L. E. J. Collected Works. Vol. I. - Amsterdam: North-Holland, 1971. 8. Ewald W. B. (ed.). From Kant to Hilbert. Vol. II. – Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1996. 9. Frege G. Begriffsschrift. – Halle: Nebert, 1879.Frege G. Logic // Hermes, Kaulbach, Kambartel (eds.). Nachgelassene Schriften. – Hamburg: Meiner, 1969. 10. Hilbert D. Die Grundlegung der elementaren Zahlentheorie // Mathematische Annalen, 104, 1931. 11. Hilbert D. Neubegründung der Mathematik // Abhandlungen aus dem mathematischen Seminar der Hamburgischen Universität, 1, 1922. 12. Heyting A. Die formalen Regeln der intuitionistischen Logik // Sitzungsbericht der preussischen Akademie von Wissenschaften, physikalische-mathematische Klasse, 1930. 13. Heyting A. Intuitionistic Views on the Nature of Mathematics, Bollettino dell’UMI 9. 14. Heyting A. Intuitionnisme, théorie de la demonstration. – Paris: Gauthier-Villars, 1935. 15. Maddy P. Naturalism in Mathematics. – Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1997. 16. Sokal A., Bricmont J. Intellectual impostures. – London: Profile books, 1998.
A New Approach to the Incommensurability of Scientific Paradigms in T. Kuhn’s Theory
Andrei Zavaliy Abstract: The notion of incommensurability as applied to competing scientific theories was challenged on various grounds ever since the publication of The Structure of Scientific Revolutions (1962). Kuhn’s critics argue that the notion of incommensurability is either incoherent (when interpreted as ‘untranslatability’), or false (when construed in terms of the impossibility of meaningful comparison between the paradigms). This paper challenges both interpretations. I attempt to show that the claim that scientific paradigms are incommensurable implies neither that the one cannot be translated into another’s ‘language’, nor that they cannot be compared to each other with regard to the scope of their respective applications, precision of predictions, or simplicity. However, it is argued that there is a sense in which one can claim that the incommensurable theories cannot be meaningfully compared, namely, when by ‘comparison’ is meant ‘a comparison of theories with how the things really are’.
Keywords: Thomas Kuhn, scientific paradigms, scientific revolutions, incommensurability
Bibliography: 1. Cederbaum D. G. Paradigms // Studies in the History and Philosophy of Science, 14, 1983. 2. Davidson D. On the Very Idea of a Conceptual Scheme // Davidson D. Inquiries into Truth and Interpretation. – Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1984. 3. Euclid. Elements. 4. Feyerabend P. K. Against Method. – London: NLB., 1975. 5. Gholson B., Baker P. Kuhn, Lakatos, and Laudan // American Psychologist, 40, 1985. 6. Klein J. A Commentary on Plato’s Meno. – Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 1965. 7. Kordig C. The Justification of Scientific Change. – Dordrecht: D. Reidel., 1971. 8. Kuhn T. S. The Structure of Scientific Revolutions. – Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1970. 9. Moberg D. Are there Rival, Incommensurable Theories? // Philosophy of Science, 46, 1979. 10. Plato. Meno. 11. Quine W. V. O. Two Dogmas of Empiricism // Quine W. V. O. From a Logical Point of View. – New York: Harper and Row, 1961. 12. Quine W. V. O. Word and Object. – Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1960.
What are these Familiar Words Doing Here?
(in Russian)
A. W. Moore (trans. by A. Sobantsev) Abstract: Russian translation of Moore A. W. What are these Familiar Words Doing Here? // Anthony O’Hear (ed.). Logic, Thought and Language. – Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002. Translated by Alexander Sobantsev with kind permission of the author.
Keywords: -
Bibliography: -
Is Justified True Belief Knowledge?
(in Russian)
Edmund Gettier (trans. by L. Lamberov) Abstract: Russian translation of Gettier E. L. Is Justified True Belief Knowledge? // Analysis, vol. 23, 1963. Translated by Lev Lamberov with kind permission of the author.
Keywords: -
Bibliography: -
Comments on the E. Gettier's Paper
(in Russian)
Dmitriy Ankin, Lev Lamberov Abstract:
Keywords: Gettier problem, knowledge, justification
Bibliography: -
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